Zemaira (alpha1-proteinase inhibitor)
Company: Aventis Behring
Approval Status: Approved July 2003
Treatment for: Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency
Areas: Hematology; Pulmonary/Respiratory Diseases
| General Information | Clinical Results | Side Effects | Mechanism of Action | Literature References | Additional Information |
General Information
Zemaira is an intravenous therapy for alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor deficiency.
It is indicated for chronic augmentation and maintenance therapy in individuals with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI) deficiency and clinical evidence of emphysema. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Clinical Results
FDA approval of Zemaira is based on a several pivotal studies conducted on a total of 89 subjects with A1-PI deficiency. Subjects ranged in age from 29 to 68 years with a median age of 49 years. In one double blind, controlled clinical study, 44 subjects were randomized to receive 60 mg/kg of either Zemaira or Prolastin once weekly for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, all subjects received Zemaira for an additional 14 weeks. All subjects were followed for a total of 24 weeks to complete the safety evaluation. The mean trough serum A1-PI levels at steady state (Weeks 7-11) in the Zemaira-treated subjects were statistically equivalent to those in the Prolastin-treated subjects. The difference between the Zemaira and the Prolastin groups was not considered clinically significant and may be related to the higher specific activity of Zemaira.
In a subgroup of subjects enrolled in the study, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at baseline and at Week 11. Four A1-PI related analytes in ELF were measured: antigenic A1-PI, A1-PI: NE complexes, free NE, and functional A1-PI (anti-neutrophil elastase capacity, ANEC). A blinded retrospective analysis of the study, which revised the prospectively established acceptance criteria showed that within each treatment group, ELF levels of antigenic A1-PI and A1-PI:NE complexes increased from baseline to Week 11. No clinically significant differences were detected between the two treatment groups.
Side Effects
Adverse events associated with the use of Zemaira may include (but are not limited to) the following:
- Asthenia
- Injection Site Pain
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Pruritus
- Paresthesia
Mechanism of Action
Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI) deficiency is a chronic, hereditary disorder that can cause severe tissue damage and death. Pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema, are one of the main results of A1-PI deficiency. Emphysema is caused by the protease-antiprotease imbalance in the lungs which causes inflammation and tissue damage. A1-PI is the primary antiprotease in the lower respiratory tract, where it inhibits neutrophil elastase (NE), an enzyme that destroys pulmonary tissue. Those individuals without A1PI deficiency produce sufficient A1-PI to control the NE produced by activated neutrophils and are thus able to prevent inappropriate damage to lung tissue by NE.
Zemaira acts to increase and maintain serum levels and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) levels of A1-PI. Low blood levels of A1-PI are also associated with liver disease and liver cirrhosis.
Literature References
Dunn M, Stiskal J, O'Brien K, Ito S, Cox DW, Kelly E, Shennan A et al. Proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) - a dose ranging study and meta analysis with previous randomized clinical trial (RCT). Pediatr Res 2000:397A.
Laurell CB, Eriksson S. The electrophoretic alpha1 globulin pattern of serum in alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 15:132-140, 1963.
Stoller JK. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and augmentation therapy in emphysema. Clev Clin J Med 56: 683-689, 1989.
Stone PJ, Morris TA, Franzblau C, et al. Preliminary evidence that augmentation therapy diminishes degradation of cross-linked elastin in alpha1 antitrypsin deficient humans. Respiration 62:76-79, 1995.
Additional Information
For more information on Zemaira or Alpha1, please visit The Zemaira Web Site
The FDA drug information shown here is licensed from Thomson CenterWatch. The information provided here is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical or pharmaceutical advice which should be sought from qualified medical and pharmaceutical advisers.
